US netizens can now call dibs on Lenovo’s 3000 Y410 laptop for the home. That’s right, a consumer laptop — their first for the US market. Released without fanfare, the new 14.1-inch glossy 1,280 x 800 model starts at about $700 depending upon the configuration you track down at your local big box — another first for Lenovo. That gets you a 1.46GHz Pentium Dual Core T2310 proc, 1GB of memory, 160GB 5400rpm disk, dual-layer DVD writer, 6-in-1 media card reader, 802.11a/b/g WiFi, ExpressCard, and Intel X3100 graphics with 1.3 megapixel camera, Dolby Home Theater speakers with sub-woofer running atop a Vista Home Premium OS. The 1.02-1.45-inch thick / 5.5-pound sled doesn’t look half bad either… for Lenovo. Now we’re just wondering if the build quality and support matches that of their ThinkPad lineup. If so, then Lenovo’s got themselves a winner here.
Jika kita mempunyai beberapa komputer yang saling terhubung lewat jaringan (ethernet misalnya), kita dapat menggunakan Slackware sebagai pintu gerbang (router/gateway) untuk menyambungkan semua komputer ke internet.
Router dan gateway sendiri sebenarnya secara teori mempunyai filosofi arti yang berbeda, gateway sebenarnya mengacu pada alat yang difungsikan untuk menjembatani dua buah jaringan yang mempunyai topologi berbeda, berbeda subnet, dsb, sedangkan router untuk mengatur pengalamatan paket-paket data dalam jaringan yang berbeda sehingga komunikasi dapat terlaksana.
Akan tetapi dalam kenyataan sehari-hari, router dan gateway seringkali hanya ditangani oleh sebuah alat saja. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan router selalu diidentikkan dengan gateway, demikian pula sebaliknya.
Router banyak didistribusikan dalam bentuk paket perangkat keras terpadu bermerek seperti Cisco, Huawe dan lain-lain dengan harga yang relatif mahal. Tetapi kita juga dapat membangun sebuah PC Router dengan biaya yang relatif murah menggunakan Slackware
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Misalkan, ada lima buah PC yang terhubung ke akses Internet, maka secara gamblang akan dibutuhkan juga paling tidak lima sambungan telepon untuk masing-masing PC tersebut. Tentunya pembiayaan untuk sambungan ini akan menjadi sangat mahal, bukan? Nah, disinilah fungsi NAT di perlukan.
Dengan konsep NAT, hanya diperlukan satu buah sambungan telepon saja ke sebuah PC (PC dengan min. 2 buah NIC biasanya), kemudian empat PC yang lain dihubungkan ke switch. Kemudian switch dihubungkan dengan salah satu NIC (Network Internet Card) komputer yang terhubung dengan Internet. Dimana komputer tersebut difungsikan sebagai gateway dengan oleh mesin slackware yang terinstal didalamnya. NAT secara otomatis akan menterjemahkan alamat IP dari setiap komputer di jaringan lokal menjadi satu alamat IP publik. Gateway juga dapat berfungsi sebagai firewall yang melindungi client dari akses yang tidak diinginkan.
Konfigurasi mesin Slackware untuk Gateway
Sebelum membuat mesin slackware menjadi gateway dalam jaringan lokal yang kita miliki tentunya hal pertama yang perlu dilakukan adalah menginstall distro slackware pada komputer yang akan dijadikan gateway. Ini juga berlaku untuk distro linux lainya, tinggal menyesuaikan saja konfigurasi yang ada sesuai distronya Smile Disini saya menggunakan Slackware 12
Jika kita sudah memiliki mesin slackware yang akan dijadikan Gateway, pertama-tama kita pastikan terlebih dulu apakan ethernet yang terpasang pada mesin slackware sudah up apa belum ? (Untuk keperluan Gateway, membutuhkan min. 2 NIC. Tergantung jumlah network yang akan kita hubungkan). Diasumsikan NIC pertama terhubung ke ISP tempat kita berlangganan akses internet dan NIC kedua terhubung ke jaringan lokal milik kita. Untuk mengecek keadaan ethernet, bisa dilakukan dengan perintah ifconfig.
root@local:~# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:FF:FF
inet addr:10.10.1.2 Bcast:10.10.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:ffff/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:72 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:43 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7380 (7.2 KiB) TX bytes:6633 (6.4 KiB)
Interrupt:17 Base address:0×1080
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:FF:09
inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:ff09/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0×1400
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:664 (664.0 b) TX bytes:664 (664.0 b)
Apabila ada output seperti diatas berarti ethernet kita sudah terdeteksin dengan baik oleh kernel dan keduanya dalam keadaan up / aktif. Tingal sesuaikan IP Addressnya dengan network yang kita miliki. Tetapi jika dalam keadanya kita mengeksekusi perintah ifconfig tadi di atas hanya keluar output berupa :
root@local:~# ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:664 (664.0 b) TX bytes:664 (664.0 b)
Maka ada 2 kemungkinan apakah ethernet kita belum up atau tidak dikenali oleh kernel slackware ? Untuk memastikan apakan ethernet kita dikenali oleh kernel bisa dilakukan cek menggunakan perintah :
root@local:~# dmesg | grep eth
eth0: registered as PCnet/PCI II 79C970A
eth1: registered as PCnet/PCI II 79C970A
eth0: no IPv6 routers present
eth1: no IPv6 routers present
Terlihat bahwa eth0 dan eth1 terdeteksi oleh kernel, maka selankutnya kita tinggal meng-up-kan ethernet agar dapat di gunakan dengan perintah :
root@local:~# ifconfing eth0 up
root@local:~# ifconfing eth1 up
Selanjutnya mengkonfigurasi IP Address pada masing-masing NIC sesuai dengan konfigurasi jaringan kita. Untuk mengkonfigurasi alamat IP pada mesing slackware dapat dengan kita lakukan dengan mengedit file rc.inet1.conf yang berada pada /etc/rc.d/ .
root@local:~# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf
# =============================
# Config information for eth0:
IPADDR[0]=”202.83.xxx.xxx”
NETMASK[0]=”255.255.255.0″
USE_DHCP[0]=””
DHCP_HOSTNAME[0]=””
# Config information for eth1:
IPADDR[1]=”192.168.1.xxx”
NETMASK[1]=”255.255.255.0″
USE_DHCP[1]=””
DHCP_HOSTNAME[1]=””
# Default gateway IP address:
GATEWAY=”202.83.xxx.xxx”
Sampai sini kita sudah mengkonfigurasi alamat IP pada masing-masing NIC, disini (xxx) merupakan IP kita. Selanjutnya kita memasukan konfigurasi DNS dari ISP kita ke mesin slackware dengan mengedit file resolv.conf yang ada pada /etc .
root@local:~# vi /etc/resolv.conf
search aku.linux
nameserver 219.155.xxx.xxx
nameserver 202.134.xxx.xxx
Terakhir yang perlu kita lakukan adalah membuat NAT dari alamat-alamat jaringan lokal kita ke alamat IP public milik ISP langganan. Jadi nantinya semua package yang berasal dari jaringan lokal kita akan di translasikan ke alamat ip yang valid di internet (IP Public ISP). Ini juga merupakan salah satu cara untuk mensiasati semakin terbatasnya IPv4 di internet.
root@local:~# echo “iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 0/0 -j SNAT –to 202.83.xxx.xxx” >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
Nah pada line diatas kita memasukan rule dengan perintah iptables dan menyimpannya pada file rc.local yang berada pada /etc/rc.d yang nantinya akan selalu di eksekusi setiap kali mesin slackware booting. Disini -s 192.168.1.0/24 merupakan network jaringan lokal milik kita dan 202.83.xxx.xxx adalah alamat IP Public yang diberikan ISP langganan kita.
Oke, selesai sudah semua yang perlu kita lakukan untuk mesih gateway kita. Langkah terakhir adalah me-reboot ulang mesin slackware kita untuk menghubungkan jaringan lokal kita ke internet
Melakukan migrasi sistem dari Server Windows menjadi Server Linux tidaklah terlampau sulit. Apalagi, hal ini bisa dilakukan pada bagian backend dan tidak terlalu berpengaruh pada user pengguna secara langsung. Berpengaruh dalam arti ada beberapa modifikasi memang ya, tapi tidak berpengaruh seperti halnya kita mengganti aplikasi Office dari Microsoft Office menjadi Open Office.
Bagi yang merasa nyaman dengan Windows Server, jangan lupa, biaya lisensi server berbasis Windows bukan hanya dari sisi biaya server itu sendiri, melainkan juga dari sisi koneksi client / client access. Biaya ini semakin mahal jika jumlah komputer client semakin banyak, padahal sebagian besar perusahaan menggunakan sistem operasi Windows Server hanya untuk sekedar file sharing dan active directory alias domain controller. Fungsi-fungsi Windows server tersebut dapat digantikan oleh Linux tanpa ada masalah berarti.
Setting linux server sebagai Primary Domain Controller ini saya ambil dari pengalaman pribadi sewaktu melakukan migrasi server di perusahaan, lk tahun yang lalu. Sampai dengan saat ini berjalan lancar tidak ada masalah.
Distro Linux yang saya pakai adalah OpenSuSE 10.2. Sewaktu pertama kali melakukan setup, saya menggunakan distro linux 10.0 dan 10.1 tanpa ada perbedaan. Sekarang memang menggunakan SLES (SuSE Linux Enterprise Server) yang berlisensi tapi sejauh pengalaman saya, tidak ada perbedaan setup yang mencolok dari ketiga varian SuSE Linux ini.
PERSIAPAN
- Install Open SuSE 10.2.
Jika menggunakan distro linux lain tidak masalah. Mungkin ada beberapa perintah yang perlu disesuaikan
- Buat Catatan Mengenai Beberapa Setting
Misalnya, nama domain yang akan digunakan. Dalam contoh ini saya menggunakan xxxxx.co.id. Jika perusahaan sudah memiliki PDC Windows Server yang sudah berjalan, cara paling aman adalah membuat domain baru yang mirip. Dalam kasus yang saya simulasikan kali ini, domain sebelumnya menggunakan xxxx.com.
Pada dasarnya, hal ini untuk menghindari kemungkinan kalahnya Server Windows dalam memperebutkan posisi Primary Domain Controller melawan Server Linux yang baru kita buat. Takutnya, kita belum selesai melakukan setup server, ternyata Server Linux sudah mengumumkan dirinya sebagai PDC dan langsung meminta Windows Server berhenti berkuasa sebelum waktunya, hehehe…
Setting untuk memenangkan status sebagai PDC ada pada smb.conf yang akan kita konfigurasikan.
Contoh lain adalah untuk nama User Administrator (misalnya root password) dan lain sebagainya. Ini untuk menghindari gagalnya server Linux sewaktu disetup hanya gara-gara hal konyol ‘kelupaan password’ -D.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH
1. Install Komponen Samba
Komponen Samba Server dapat diinstall melalui YAST. Ketik saja “Samba” pada kotak pencarian, kemudian install komponen yang diperlukan.
2. Edit smb.conf
OpenSuSE secara default meneyimpan setting samba pada /etc/samba. Buka file /etc/samba/smb.conf dengan text editor dan replace isinya dengan setting sebagai berikut
[global]
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%L
socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY SO_SNDBUF=8192 SO_RCVBUF=8129
admin users = root
domain master = yes
time server = yes
logon home = \%L\profiles%u
netbios name = server
writeable = yes
usershare max shares = 100
server string = Server Utama - Samba %v on %L
invalid users = bin,daemon,sys,man,postfix,mail,ftp
workgroup = xxxxx.co.id
logon path = \%L\profiles%u
os level = 65
create mode = 777
add machine script = /usr/bin/useradd -d /dev/null -g samba-clients -s /bin/false -M %u
preferred master = yes
directory mode = 777
log level = 2
domain logons = yes
# gunakan logon path untuk Windows NT/200x/XP
# gunakan logon home untuk Windows 9x
;logon script = logon.bat
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
read only = no
[netlogon]
path = /srv/samba/netlogon
browseable = no
public = no
writeable = no
[profiles]
path = /srv/samba/profiles
writeable = yes
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
browseable = no
[sharedata]
comment = data public
writeable = yes
invalid users = bin,daemon,sys,man,postfix,mail,ftp
path = /srv/share-data
[Accounting]
comment = Data Accounting
valid users = acct-01, acct-02,acct-03,acct-04,acct-05,@it
create mode = 777
write list = acct-02,acct-03,acct-04,acct-05,tono,acct-01
path = /local/data-msa/Accounting
directory mode = 777
[HRD]
comment = Data HRD
valid users = hrd-01, hrd-02, hrd-03,@it
path = /local/data-msa/HRD
Keterangan untuk masing-masing opsi :
[global] : Opsi Utama
log file : Lokasi log yang terkait dengan aktivitas Samba
socket options : Nggak tahu ini buat apa, lupa euy -D
admin users : Nama user yang bertindak sebagai Administrator
domain master : Bertindak sebagai master domain
time server : Bertindak sebagai server untuk pencocokan waktu
logon home : Nama direktori mapping user
netbios name : Nama yang tampil pada list My Network Places atau Network Neighborhood atau Samba
writeable : Permission
server string : Keterangan mengenai Server, berguna jika server > 1
invalid users : Nama User yang tidak boleh digunakan
workgroup : Nama workgroup / domain
logon path : Nama direktori logon script
os level : Level hak sebagai server domain controller. Rata-rata server Windows memiliki os level 32
create mode : Permission status untuk file yang baru dibuat di samba folder. Bisa disetup sesuai kebutuhan
add machine script : Script untuk penambahan client komputer
preferred master : bertindak sebagai master browser
directory mode : Permission status untuk folder yang baru dibuat di samba folder. Bisa disetup sesuai kebutuhan
domain logons : Menjadi PDC
Opsi Home, Netlogon dan Profiles digunakan untuk menyimpan konfigurasi setting masing-masing client.
Opsi Share Data, Accounting dan HRD adalah contoh folder yang dishare untuk user. Saya memberikan contoh dengan masing-masing perbedaan peruntukan.
[sharedata]
comment = data public
writeable = yes
invalid users = bin,daemon,sys,man,postfix,mail,ftp
path = /srv/share-data
[Accounting]
comment = Data Accounting
valid users = acct-01, acct-02,acct-03,acct-04,acct-05,@it
create mode = 777
write list = acct-02,acct-03,acct-04,acct-05,tono,acct-01
path = /local/data-msa/Accounting
directory mode = 777
[HRD]
comment = Data HRD
valid users = hrd-01, hrd-02, hrd-03,@it
path = /local/data-msa/HRD
Folder Sharedata untuk semua user
Folder Accounting hanya untuk user acct-01 s/d acct-05 (buat user di samba)
Folder HRD diperuntukan untuk bagian HRD (user name hrd-01 s/d hrd-03)
comment : Keterangan mengenai share folder
valid users : User yang berhak mengakses
create mode : Permission untuk file yang baru dibuat, bisa diubah sesuai kebutuhan
write list : User yang berhak baca & tulis
Path : Lokasi fisik pada harddisk server
directory mode : Permission untuk folder yang baru dibuat, bisa diubah sesuai kebutuhan
Dalam contoh, saya menggunakan 2 folder fisik, yaitu /srv dan /local. Hal ini karena harddisk /srv hanya berkapasitas 70 GB jadi saya menambah harddisk baru berkapasitas 250 GB dan saya mount sebagai /local.
Konfigurasi untuk hak user samba dapat lebih mudah disetup menggunakan webmin. Nanti kita membahasnya pada sesi lain.
Setelah setting smb.conf dibuat dan disimpan, sekarang kita bisa meminta SuSE menjalankan samba. Berikan perintah :
service samba start
Jika sudah berjalan, kita bisa meminta samba untuk melakukan load konfigurasi ulang dengan :
service samba restart
OK, satu tahap instalasi sudah selesai. Sekarang kita pindah ke bagian setting client untuk akses.
Taking Advantage of New Streaming Video Technology
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: IT NewsStreaming video is the hottest thing in the consumer technology industry today. Streaming video involves the transmission of video data over the Internet for real-time viewing. This may seem like such a simple innovation, but the reality is that there are so many ways to take advantage of this new streaming video technology. One of the best ways to make the most of it is to record streaming video. How to save stream videos, as well as other tips for taking advantage of the new technology is discussed here.
How to record streaming videos
Streaming video may be very useful in itself, but if you record streaming videos, you greatly enhance the value of online videos. Saving streaming videos allows you to have a personal copy of the videos you see on streaming video sites like YouTube, Break, and Google Video.
When you capture streaming video, you essentially download the video sent through the Web onto your own computer. It is truly taking advantage of online videos when you record streaming video, as you are making a copy for yourself that can be viewed even when you are not connected to the Internet. In addition, now that you have a saved copy of the streamed video, you can use video editing software to weave various clips together or edit particular clips to suit your needs.
To record streaming videos, all you really need is a website that will save your video for you. These sites can easily be found through the various search engines available. The URL address of the video you wish to save (and sometimes a valid email address) is all you need to save streaming video. Simply input the URL and the website will create a file that you can download onto your computer.
Capture streaming video from live news feeds
In addition to saving stream video, another application of this technology is live news feeds. Streaming video can be used to broadcast news over the Internet. In fact, the larger news networks are already doing so. If you find a certain piece of news particularly interesting, you might want to follow the instructions above on how to capture streaming video. If your record streaming video from live news feeds, this could be useful when you want to share certain news information with someone who missed the live feed.
Record streaming video from streamed lectures
Yet another way to take advantage of streaming video is to use this technology to deliver video lectures. This is especially useful for online courses, where teachers and students never physically meet. The video would allow professors to deliver live lectures or pre-recorded lectures and the students could capture the streaming video.
Another benefit of using streaming video for lectures is that, since students have the option to record streaming video, they can easily review the video lectures over and over until they have absorbed the material. Additionally, they can use their saved video lectures as a means to reviewing before their exams.
The Use Of Biometric Data By UK Car Hire Companies
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: IT NewsThe car hire industry has never really been at the forefront of technological development, this however is set to change with the widespread introduction of biometric data recorders in many car hire outlets countrywide. This move is an attempt by UK rental companies to secure their fleets while maintaining high levels of customer services. The use of biometric data however has created somewhat of a furore amongst the press ad the public. With the recording of this data, a large set of privacy and personal information questions are raised; naturally human rights arguments are abound in opposition to the use of these technologies.
While in the past the recording of your fingerprint was simply a way for police to compile information on suspects for crimes, today their recording is far more widespread. UK car hire companies have started using electronic scanners to build a biometric profile of their customers. The first scheme in the country has been trialled at Essex's Stansted Airport; this scheme was a mandatory recording of a thumbprint should a customer wish to hire a car. Understandably the response has been mixed, some do not mind having their thumbprint taken while others feel that this is an invasion of privacy and worry about what will happen to the data once it is stored.
Rental companies claim that the data will be used in the event of theft and will subsequently be handed over to the police if the car is not returned. As rental cars are often used in other crimes it is hoped that this will help the police not only recover stolen vehicles, but hep to prevent crimes in other areas. This is particularly true at Stansted Airport where a spate of thefts have occurred involving major rental companies. It is believed to be direct response to the large numbers of thefts by organised criminals using stolen vehicles for crimes such as bank robberies.
The reasons behind the introduction of biometric data seem logical enough but this has not prevented many from criticising the scheme. The fear of the 'Big Brother' world is very real amongst the public, a fear that the rental companies in question are quick to allay. They claim that the data will never be used unless a crime is committed. This reassurance has not pleased all however. One particular customer stated that after being made to give his thumbprint his initial reaction was that the representative had to be joking. After being told that it was a new compulsory scheme, any semblance of comedy left the customer's mind; later saying that this was clearly an arbitrary and disproportionate form of tackling car crime.
In the past the passport has been the predominant form of identification needed to hire a car. This however is fraught with problems as clearly cars are being stolen on request with false identification. Additionally, many people are concerned about handing over their biometric data to companies, as fears over how this data will be stored and the security of this storage are understandable concerns. It is not just the car hire industry however that are utilising this technology. Many other industries are already embracing it as a more secure way to carry out transactions. For instance some shops within the UK now have thumbprint scanners that are used for credit card payments. As well as this the modern passport also contains face mapping technology on a microchip that allows for closer scrutiny at border control.
The argument over the use of biometric data is surely set to continue within the UK. It is not just the car hire companies but many others who see it as a way to prevent crime and protect assets. As rental companies are ever more pressured to find ways of securing their fleets it is an understandable reaction that is likely to become widespread in the coming years.
The Importance Of Turbidity To Society And The Environment
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: IT NewsTurbidity may sound like a complicated scientific term but in essence it is a simple definition concerned with the cloudiness of water. More specifically turbidity refers to the light that is able to pass through a water sample because of the sediment present in the liquid. In most cases it is measured using a meter although there are a variety of methods for obtaining a turbidity reading. Meters are normally best however as they are able to pick up on sediment particles that are so small that they will not settle to the bottom of the sample.
These meters are used for a range of purposes and test water from sources such as rivers and reservoirs. In rivers these meters are often used to find sediment and silt levels of the flowing water. By obtaining this turbidity it is possible to ascertain whether agricultural and building actions further upstream are affecting the river in certain ways. For instance, while a meter can detect silt and mud particles, more advanced models can also pick up bacteria and chemicals that could be a result of farming processes. Subsequently turbidity is important when realising the effect human actions are having on the environment and more precisely the effects of particular river systems.
This is not the only use however for the turbidity meter. The device is used extensively in the water purification industry. It is a vital piece of equipment that gives operatives the ability to test whether water is safe for human consumption. The meters are used at nearly every stage of the water treatment process to assess the quality of the water and the effectiveness of filters and other cleansing methods. In addition it is possible through the understanding of turbidity levels to assess the lifespan of filtering equipment. An example would be river water entering a treatment plant that has a known turbidity. If this is known, how hard the filters will have to work is also a known quantity and hence how long the filters will last is also understood.
There are two major ways in which turbidity is measured. More advanced purposes will require an electric meter while less sophisticated tasks will normally use the tube method. Both have their benefits and downsides and are suited to differing applications. In terms of units of measurement both nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and Jackson turbidity units (JTLJ) are both used. These units differ slightly but for the purposes of most applications are considered equal and interchangeable.
The market today has a variety of meters available for public purchase. Electric meters are generally more accurate than tubes and hence are used for more precise applications. However needing a power supply and a large cost can be considered downsides to their usage. In addition, older models are not robust enough to cope with working with water on a day to day basis, although newer models have addressed this issue successfully.
Tubes on the other hand are a far more basic means of measurement, although are still regarded to be effective. The process of tubular measurement fills a clear tube with the sample and then the user views how much light passes through the sample. These tubes are hard wearing and can be used extensively in the field for less important measurements.
Whatever type of turbidity meter is being used it is hard to dispute that its uses are important to society and the environment. Without the use of these meters we would not be able to assess our impact on the environment while more importantly we would not have drinking water that is safe and disease free. It may not be the most interesting of topics but the uses of these devices truly assist the world greatly.
With the introduction of online videos through sites such as YouTube and Google Video, downloading streaming video for one's personal collection seems to be the latest obsession of Internet users, especially among the younger generation. The staggering popularity of online videos can be attributed to their ease of use and their viral nature. Downloading online videos, on the other hand, is largely because users want to constantly have access to the videos they view on the previously mentioned streaming video sites.
What is streaming video?
Streaming videos are essentially a sequence of images in motion. These videos are in a compressed form so that they can be easily transmitted over the Internet. These are said to be streaming because users view the videos right when data arrives. Hence, streamed videos are said to be sent from the supplier to the viewer in real-time manner.
Watching streaming video vs. downloading streaming video
Downloading online videos is not the same as simply watching them being streamed over the Web. Downloading streaming videos refers to actually capturing the data transmitted, as opposed to just having the video loaded into one's browser.
As another point of differentiation, streaming videos can be viewed simply by visiting YouTube or a similar site. Downloading streaming videos, in comparison, often requires a third-party site that allows you to capture a streaming video or additional software.
Why download streaming video?
One of the main reasons for downloading streaming video is so that you can keep a particular video in your own personal media collection. This is very common among avid music fans who like to keep copies of music videos on their personal computers.
Another reason for downloading online videos is to be able to watch your videos even without an active Internet connection. Videos that have been captured from streaming sites offer you the convenience of watching the video clips anywhere, anytime. Downloading streaming videos for the purpose of having funny videos or how-to videos offline is very common these days.
Various ways to download online videos
There are several ways to capture streaming videos. The first method includes visiting a third-party site that allows you to input the URL (uniform resource locator) of any streaming video. By simply entering the address of your desired online video, these sites will generate a movie file in a preferred format. Most sites will allow you to have your download in the FLV, AVI, MOV, MPG, or WMV format.
Another way to download online videos would be to install a software application with this functionality. There are numerous software packages readily available on the Net that will allow you to capture videos found on streaming media sites. Both free and commercial software are available.
Joining the new craze
Do not be afraid to join the online video bandwagon. Downloading streaming videos is both fun and very useful. Doing so allows you to build up your own personal media collection that can be viewed even when you are offline.
Google celebrate 10 year anniversary
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: Internet Biz, IT NewsIt all began in the summer of 1995, when Larry Page and Sergey Brin met at Stanford University (Brin showed Page around the school). The two students founded Google - named after googol, the term for 1 followed by 100 zeros - a year later in a suburban garage. It was incorporated on September 7 1998 - which became Google's birthday.
With millions using Google every day, it is regularly voted one of the world's top brands. Page and Brin have been described as the Thomas Edisons of the internet. But some worry that it has become a major threat to privacy. Google's tentacles are everywhere.
It runs services for blogging, email, instant messaging, shopping and social networking. It also offers a suite of word processing, spreadsheet and other tools to rival Microsoft's products in the workplace, and is building a software platform for mobile phones that may challenge Apple's iPhone and others.
This week Google launched Chrome, a new web browser, opening up another front in its battle with Microsoft.
Google was also accused of selling out and reneging on its "Don't be evil" motto when it launched in China in 2005. The company modified the version of its search engine in China to exclude controversial topics such as the Tiananmen Square massacre or the Falun Gong movement, provoking a backlash in its core western markets.
Its founders admitted last year that the decision to censor its search engine in China was bad for the company.
Timeline
1995
· Larry Page and Sergey Brin meet at Stanford University
1996
· Now computer-science students, Page and Brin begin collaborating on a search engine called BackRub, named for its ability to analyse website backlinks for relevance
· The first version of Google is released on the Stanford University website in August
1997:
· Google.com is registered
1998
· An unincorporated Google Inc receives its first investment: $100,000 (£56,000) from Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim
· Google sets up a workspace in a garage in Silicon Valley
· Google files for incorporation in California, granted on September 7 - now celebrated as Google's birthday
1999
· Google outgrows its garage office and moves to an office with eight employees
· The company gets $25m of venture capital and moves to Mountain View
2000
· The first 10 language versions of Google.com are released: French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norwegian and Danish
· Does a deal with Yahoo to become its default search provider
· Google becomes the world's largest search engine with the first billion-URL index
2001
· In its first public acquisition Google buys Deja.com's Usenet Discussion Service, an archive of 500m discussions dating back to 1995
· Eric Schmidt becomes chairman, then chief executive
· Page and Brin are appointed presidents of products and technology, respectively
2002
· Major partnership with AOL
· Google News launched, with 4,000 sources
2003
· American Dialect Society members vote "google" the most useful word of the year for 2002
· Acquires Pyra Labs, the creators of Blogger
2004
· Gmail launched
· Google goes public: IPO at $85 a share
· Partnerships announced with leading libraries and universities to digitally scan millions of books from their collections
2005
· Google Maps and Google Earth launched, a satellite imagery-based mapping service, followed by Google Talk
2006
· Google goes live in China
· Acquires video-sharing site YouTube
2007
· Street View in Google Maps debuts in five US cities
· Acquires DoubleClick, an online advertising company
2008
· New Yahoo partnership announced
· Real-time stock quotes go live on Google Finance for the first time
· Belgian newspapers push for up to €49m (£39.4m) in damages from Google for publishing and storing their content without paying or asking permission
· Surprise launch of new web browser Chrome in September
Mobile phones have become an incredibly huge part of daily life, although it is hard to believe that only a couple of decades ago, cell phones were virtually nonexistent. Portable phones were the size of briefcases, and carrying one around was a hassle that most people wanted to avoid. Over the years, advances in technology have led to smaller, more capable phones, and now it is hard to find someone who does not own a cell phone. Some users cannot even remember what they used to do without the device.
The first mobile phones were large two-way radios that were used only in vehicles, as they were too heavy to be carried around by people. In fact, they were installed directly in to vehicles, as there was no point in removing them. Eventually, suitcase and backpack two-way phones were invented, and while they were extremely large by today's standards, in the 1940s they were quite innovative.
When cellular communication was first proposed in the late 1940s, technology was not advanced enough to support cell towers and phones themselves. It was not until the late 1950s that telephone network connected cell phones began to arise. Phones weighed between twenty and ninety pounds and not more than a few hundred people ever bought them. They were also bulky and incredibly expensive.
One of the main purposes of a mobile phone is to be able to talk while you are traveling, but initially, one had to stay within a small area of a single cell station, and if they left that area, the call would disconnect. Bell Labs was responsible for numerous cell phone innovations, and there was no lapse when it came to this dilemma. In response to the problem, a call handoff system was developed, in which users could travel through several cell areas and not lose the connection. This system is still in use today, although it has been improved and elaborated upon in some cases.
The true father of cell phones is widely regarded as Dr. Martin Cooper, as he holds the US Patent for his radio telephone system, which translates today as a cell phone or portable handset. He also was the first person to make a cell phone call, which was conducted on a street in front of surprised pedestrians. While there had been several types of mobile phone systems before Cooper, he was the first to develop a cell phone that did not require all the extra baggage that came with other products.
The 1980s and 1990s saw the fastest improvements in mobile phones than ever before. Two generations spanned both decades, 1G and 2G, and currently, 3G phones are most widely used, and have the abilities to transmit text messages, stream audio and video, and take pictures. Many people use their phones more for the other applications than for calling. It is essentially impossible to find a cell phone that is limited to just making calls. The most advanced phones currently have access to the Internet, offer GPS services, and can record long videos with amazing quality. The iPhone, for example, is the epitome of innovation, utilizing a seamless touch interface to allow the user to quickly access anything they want. What the future holds is a mystery, and one can only wonder what new features lie before us.
The Benefits of Using a GPS Device for Your Car
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: IT NewsGPS technology has advanced markedly in recent years. What used to a bulky and heavy piece of equipment has now transformed into something that you can hold in the palm of your hand - even inside your cell phone.
The in-car GPS unit is a small, compact device which you need to install on your windscreen or place it safely on your dashboard. It is immensely user friendly and can be installed with almost no effort. After that is done, all you are to do is specify your destination. The device would give you precise and accurate directions by voice in real time. The possibility of getting lost is reduced and becomes almost nil.
No person is expected to know and remember all the roads in a particular city or town. Also, this is useful for times when you are going to a certain area for the first time and you are poor at road directions. The GPS device is essential and important to people traveling to unfamiliar locations. A good lot of the car-rental bureaus are installing this device as a measure to aid their customers.
It would also help save time and it's obviously useful to them. In case your much coveted GPS fitted motor vehicle is stolen, please do not get paranoid! The device would help track the exact location of your car in no time. You would be glad to know that there are several insurance companies which offer you a discount if they find the vehicle equipped with a GPS unit.
Certain units have monitoring features attached to it which can help you communicate with roadside assistance booths. If an accident occurs, the in-car GPS unit is automatically programmed to call up the nearest 911 operator. The signals are transmitted by means of satellites thus there are no chances of disruption. It will be working round the clock and three sixty five days in a year. Trust me, its worth investing in this compact unit! You will even admit it if you happen to be in an emergency while traveling, god forbade though. That day you would surely thank the person who designed it.
If you plan to buy a car, it's advisable to go for the one with an in-built GPS unit. It will save you the cost of purchasing it separately. These in-built devices are more expensive than the ones which are portable. You are to use it, so you ought to decide which suits you.
Every year the electronics industry gears up for the IFA gadget convention where the giants in consumer technology showcase their latest and greatest. This year has been no exception with much of the focus being on the new mainstream HD ready TV technologies however the other areas have not been forgotten. This article focuses on the new range of photo printers that have been released, offering an impartial assessment of three leading product lines from three top manufacturers.
Autumn collection might be something that is usually associated with fashion houses however now the expression has been commandeered by Cannon to announce the launch of the Pixma All-In-One, or AIO range. The prices range from 50 to 280GBP and the features include auto fix image correction, auto scan mode which makes scanning much more straight forward and ChromaLife 100 plus which claims to give photos a longer life.
Two of the new launches are WiFi photo printers and there are a number of single function photo printers from Cannon which have been announced. Cannon have also announced the launch of three new models of single function scanners, the CannonScan LiDO range which offer a scan at 4800x4800dpi in 14 seconds. The Cannon revelations have however been overshadowed by the unveiling of the EOS 5OD, the flag ship digital camera.
Although Cannon announced a multitude of various new printer models, Epson opted for style as opposed to numeracy. The super sleek series of Artisan printers sees only two models launched, the 800 and 700. Both are piano black AIO printers offering 38 pages per minutes standard printing speed and photos in under 10 seconds, with larger printers taking just under one minutes.
Both models can also print directly onto CDs and DVDs and have a selective panel display which lights up the buttons you need depending on which function you are using, so for fax only the buttons applicable to fax light up making it less energy efficient but more user friendly. The touch screen functions are easy to use and you can crop, rotate, copy and access print options. The only difference between the two models is the 800 comes with WiFi, a larger display and Automatic Document Feeder.
From sleek and sexy to technological wizardry, the Casio photo printer duo just unveiled is more than meets the eye. When first looking at the PCP 1200 and PCP photo printers from Casio you might be forgiven for thinking that they are boxy and nothing on the Epson Artisan. This is until to boxy practicality of the models is revealed, as both models come with a flip screen and keypad. This increases the operational features and the photo printers can print up to A6 size photos, more is due to be revealed on this product as we await the UK launch.
By now, almost everyone has seen an online video from a streaming video site like YouTube, Google Video, and Break. Many individuals have probably even come across a video clip they loved so much that they wanted to add it to their personal collection. Without the proper knowledge, however, on how to download streaming video, this could turn into a very frustrating process. To prevent this, read this complete guide on how to download online videos.
Streaming video 101
Streaming video is a fairly new technology, so, before discussing exactly how to download streaming videos, it may be helpful to explain precisely what this is. Streaming video is basically video that is transmitted over the Web. The sending and viewing of the video is done in real time. This means that, right when the viewer receives data transmitted from a sender, the video can be played.
Online videos provide a great amount of convenience for Internet users. With the introduction of streaming video technology, a wide collection of video clips has been made available to the world. Additionally, online videos make viewing a much simpler process, as watching these clips does not require the installation of media software. Videos streamed over the Internet can be downloaded and viewed directly in any browser.
How to download streaming video
You might think that downloading online video is a trivial process. However, you must be reminded that the steps on how to download streaming video are very different than those for simply watching the clips. When you are downloading online videos, you are essentially copying the streamed data permanently onto your hard drive. Downloading online videos will allow you to save videos which can be viewed even when you are not connected to the Internet.
If you feel that you have always been clueless as to how to download online video, you should know that your first step to downloading online videos is simply deciding whether you want to use an online site or a software application. Online sites are a great choice because all you are required to do is input the URL of your streaming video. Finding a website that will allow you to download online videos is made easy, as these sites are abundant on the Web. These sites will give you the option of choosing the format of your saved video. Most sites offer a wide variety of format choices when downloading online videos, including FLV, MPG, AVI, and WMV. An advantage of using an online site is that you don't have to be at your own personal computer to save videos. Any computer with an active Internet connection would suffice.
If you don't think an online site is for you, choosing to use a software application for downloading online video is another option. One particular advantage that a software program has over a website is that some applications allow you to scale your video to the size you want. For instance, you may want your saved video to be optimized for playback on your mp3 player. Some programs would allow you to save videos using such specified resolution.
Quit Waisting Your Gas By Downloading Free Psp Games And Movie From Home
Diposting oleh Nutrisi Probiotik Burung Label: IT NewsStop over paying for all your psp games and movies. We are now able to download psp games and movies for free. The fact that you are able to do this with out leaving the comfort of your own home makes it even better.
There are several places that will allow you to download free psp games or movies. The only question is which one to choose from. You must be careful becsause there still some sites that are considered illegal. All downloading sites that use torrants are still considered to be illegal.
All your downloads from those sites are considered to be at your own risk. You will run the risk of downloading pop-ups or even worse a virus. The pop-ups are put in the downloads so they can try and sell you something. The reason they need to do this is because they will try to recoupe some of there money back. All of your illegal sites will try and spend as little money as possible. Because of this, they will not scan any psp game or movie to ensure they are virus free. The last thing they care about is customer service. You also need to understand since the sites are illegal you will also run the risk of violating copyright laws. This kind of violation will run the risk of heavy fines. Just another reason to download free psp games and movies from a legit site.
A legit site will scan every download. This will ensure that all of your downloaded psp games and movies will be 100% virus free. Also a legit downloading site will offer "contact us" option. Just in case you have any additional questions. A step by step instruction will be given when you download free psp games or movies. This process is extremley easy and very fast. Nothing better than having a new released psp game or movie downloaded and played in a shorter time than it would take you to drive to your local video game store. Add on top of that the money you will be saving by not buying the game.
The reason you are able to download psp games and movies legally is because a legit downloading site will have a very low one time membership. Typically this fee is about the same cost as buying one game. The nice thing is that after this very low one time
fee is paid, you will be able to download as many games or movies you want for free.
This process is considered to be free because of the great value. Since you paid that very low membership fee, all your downloaded psp games or movies will be completely legal.
Start being like the rest of america. Download free psp games or movies and start to save a TON of money today.
